Anul Nou in Tibet

Se numeste “Losar” si se sarbatoreste la sfarsitul lui ianuarie sau inceputul lui februarie, cand este luna noua. Ultimele doua zile ale vechiului an se numesc  Gutor si se petrec  facandu-se pregatiri pentru noul an. Prima zi din Gutor este folosita pentru curatarea casei, in special a bucatariei, cea mai importanta incapere, potrivit Agerpres.

Exista anumite feluri de mancare speciale pentru Anul Nou precum supa “noua” preparata din 9 ingrediente (carne, grau, orez, cartofi dulci, branza, mazare, ardei verzi, fidea si ridichi).

Aceasta este servita cu gogosi mici continand aschii de lemn, hartie sau pietricele si se spune ca prezic daca viitorul va fi bun sau rau. A doua zi de Gutor se practica ceremonii religioase. Se merge la manastiri si se dau daruri la calugari, se arunca pocnitori si se folosesc torte pentru a alunga spiritele rele din preajma caselor.

Anul Nou in Thailanda

In Thailanda este numit Songkran, dureaza trei zile si se sarbatoreste in luna aprilie, conform calendarului gregorian. Obiceiurile difera de la regiune la regiune, dar cea mai interesanta este aruncarea cu apa.

Oamenii se stropesc fara sa tina cont de diferenta de varsta sau de superioritatea adversarului, acest obicei avand loc de sute de ani, pentru ca anul care vine sa fie ploios. Se viziteaza manastirile, credinciosii se roaga aducand ofrande precum orezdulc iuri sau mancare pentru calugari.

Un alt obicei pentru a aduce noroc este eliberarea unei  pasari din colivie sau a unui peste din acvariu. frumusete sau construirea castelelor de nisip.

Sunt practicate sporturi traditionale ca hoop-takraw sau jocul cu betele dar si o mare varietate de jocuri populare si spectacole. Un alt obicei foarte important este spalarea statuilor lui Budha

Anul Nou in India

Festivalul anului nou in Anul Nou in India se numeste Diwali si este un festival al luminilor. Acesta se sarbatoreste diferit in functie de regiunile din India.

Pentru hindusii din nord, Diwali este sfarsitul anului vechi si inceputul celui nou. Oamenii de afaceri platesc toate datoriile si noile registre sunt binecuvantate inainte de Anul Nou. Oamenii cumpara lucruri noi pentru casa, noi unelte sau chiar haine, cei care isi permit.

Se trimit felicitari si se fac daruri. Se fac planuri pentru Noul An si uita toate conflictele, caci acesta este un timp al bunatatii si generozitatii. Chiar si animalele de povara sunt spalate si impodobite pentru festival. Diwali este si un festival religios, dedicat lui Rama.

Anul Nou in Japonia

Anul nou in Japonia, numit si Shogatsu, este cea mai importanta sarbatoare din calendarul japonez. Zilele de sarbatoare sunt considerate intre 1- 3 ianuarie si in aceasta perioada majoritatea companiilor, magazinelor, scolilor si oficiilor guvernamentale sunt inchise.

Pregatirile de Anul Nou incep de la jumatatea lunii decembrie sau inca din luna noiembrie cand se achizitioneaza sau se confectioneaza cartile postale numite nengaiyo. Persoana care le trimite adauga alaturi un scurt mesaj scris de mana, pe spatele felicitarii, prin care este manifestata multumirea pentru ajutorul acordat in timpul anului trecut si speranta ca acesta va continua in anul ce vine.

Anul Nou la Romani

In noaptea Anului Nou, romanii aveau obiceiul de a-si darui unii altora crengute de laur, nuci aurite ori monede imprimate cu chipul zeului Ianus, cel cu doua fete, patronul lunii ianuarie. Zeu al portilor si usilor, Ianus Bifrons era cat se poate de potrivit pentru aceasta ocazie, una dintre fete privind spre viitor, Anul Nou, iar cealalta spre trecut.

Anul Nou in Africa

In Africa de Sud, de Anul Nou se trag clopotele bisericilor si se pot auzi chiar si focuri de arma.

Traditii in Europa

In Olanda, oamenii ard brazii de Craciun pe strazi si lanseaza artificii cand se schimba anul, ca un mod de a alunga spiritele rele ale vechiului an. In Polonia, Anul Nou este cunoscut ca ‘Noaptea Sfantului Vasile’ (‘Sylvester’). Portughezii si spaniolii mananca 12 boabe de struguri dintr-un ciorchine cand bate ceasul ora 12, in Noaptea de Anul Nou. Aceasta se face pentru a asigura 12 luni fericite in noul an.

Manifestarile de Anul Nou in tarile scandinave au loc in ianuarie si sunt legate de vechile festivitati de iarna ale vikingilor. Acestia obisnuiau sa invoce timpul si lumina pentru a incuraja intoarcerea soarelui. In SUA, se crede ca fasolea cu boabe negre aduce noroc.

Anul Nou in Rusia

La Moscova, locul cel mai aglomerat de Anul Nou (Noivi God) este Piata Rosie, unde cerul se inunda la 12 noaptea de artificii si de dopuri de sticle de sampanie. Cei adunati acolo sunt pusi la curent cu miscarile acelor ceasornicului Saviour. Intre timp, petrec cu Ded Moroz (varianta a lui Mos Craciun sau mai degraba Mos Gerila) care calatoreste insotit de ‘Snegurocika’ – fetita de zapada. Ded Moroz poarta o mantie lunga , nu neaparat rosie, ale carei margini sunt brodate cu motive populare rusesti.

Sarbatoarea Anului Nou in Panama te face sa-ti astupi urechile. La miezul noptii, toti panamanezii fac un zgomot urias. Locuitorii se intrec in strigate, iar fiecare bate unde si in ce nimereste. Ajutorul principal al zgomotului sunt claxoanele automobilelor. A doua zi, nebunia continua, iar trecatorii sunt udati.

In Birmania, Anul Nou se sarbatoreste in cea mai calda zi a anului. Oamenii arunca apa din abundenta, iar cei care sunt udati nu au voie sa se supere. Acesta este simbolul fertilitatii.

Anul nou in China

Chinezii din intreaga lume sarbatoresc intrarea in Noul An in ianuarie-februarie. Anul viitor, intrarea in Anul Boului va fi marcata pe 26 ianuarie. La chinezi, Anul Nou se numeste ‘Sarbatoarea Primaverii’ si este o zi de multumire si recunostinta pentru lucrurile bune primite in anul care s-a incheiat. Potrivit calendarului chinezesc, Anul Nou vine in prima zi cu luna plina dupa intrarea Soarelui in constelatia Varsatorului. Potrivit calendarului gregorian, acest lucru se intampla nu inainte de 21 ianuarie si nu mai tarziu de 19 februarie.’Sarbatoarea Primaverii’ are la chinezi o istorie de circa 4000 de ani.

Anul Nou evreiesc

Festivalul evreiesc de Anul Nou se numeste ‘Rosh Hashanah’. Data acestuia variaza in fiecare an, intrucat calendarul evreiesc este lunisolar. Anul Nou soseste in primele doua zile ale lunii a saptea, data Anului Nou fiind fixata astfel pentru ca fermierii sa poata merge la Ierusalim inainte de sezonul ploilor.

Aceste felicitari sunt pastrate de serviciu postal, si trimise apoi toate in ziua de Anul Nou.

Pestii sunt dusi la mare si sunt eliberati toti in acelasi timp.

Christmas is usually celebrated world-wide, since it is a very popular celebration everywhere! In this article, I am going to write  about how Christmas is celebrated around the world.

First, you can read about the History of Christmas on this website

 

UK:

In the UK (or Great Britain), families often celebrate Christmas together, so they can watch each other open their presents!

Most families have a Christmas Tree (or maybe even two!) in their house for Christmas. The decorating of the tree is usually a family occasion, with everyone helping. Christmas Trees were first popularised the UK by Prince Albert, the husband of Queen Victoria. Prince Albert was German, and thought that it would be good to use one of his ways of celebrating Christmas in to England.

Holly, Ivy and Mistletoe are also sometimes used to decorate homes or other buildings.

Most villages, towns and cities are decorated with Christmas lights over Christmas. Often a famous person switches them on. The most famous Christmas lights in the UK are in Oxford Street in London. Every year they get bigger and better and thousands of people go to watch the big ‘switch on’ around the beginning of November.

Czeck Republic

 

USA: 

The United States of America has many different traditions and ways that people in celebrate Christmas, because of its multi-cultural nature. Many customs are similar to ones in the UK, France, Italy, Holland, Poland and Mexico.

The traditional meal for Western European families is turkey or ham with cranberry sauce. Families from Eastern European origins favour turkey with trimmings, keilbasi (a Polish sausage), cabbage dishes, and soups; and some Italian families prefer lasagne!

Some Americans use pop-corn threaded on string to help decorate their Christmas Tree!

 

Australia: 

In Australia, Christmas comes in the middle of the summer holidays! Children have their summer holidays from early to mid December to early February, so some people might even be camping at Christmas!

Because it’s so hot at Christmas time in Australia, there are quite often massive bush fires across the country. Many volunteer bush fire fighters are involved in saving people and property and travel from all over Australia to help in other states.

China: 

In China, only about one percent of people are Christians, so most people only know a few things about Christmas. Because of this, Christmas is only often celebrated in the major cities. In these big cities there are Christmas Trees, lights and other decorations on the streets and in department stores. Santa Claus is called ‘Shen Dan Lao Ren’ and has grottos in shops like is Europe and America.

In Chinese Happy/Merry Christmas is ‘Sheng Dan Kuai Le or 圣诞快乐’ in Mandarin and ‘Seng Dan Fai Lok or 聖誕快樂’ in Cantonese. Happy/Merry Christmas in lots more languages.

In China, Santa is known as ‘Sheng dan lao ren’ (Traditional: 聖誕老人, Simplified: 圣诞老人; means Old Christmas Man).

One a few people have a Christmas Tree (or celebrate Christmas at all!). If people do have a tree it is normally a plastic one and might be decorated with paper chains, paper flowers, and paper lanterns (they might also call it a tree of light). The Christmas Trees that most people would see would be in shopping malls!

Hong Kong: 

In Hong Kong, Chinese Christians celebrate Christmas with Church services in Chinese. At the Anglican Cathedral, some services are held in English, because Europeans who live and work in Hong Kong attend them as well as people from Hong Kong.

In Hong Kong, people also send Christmas cards, many of which are home made using Chinese craft techniques.

Poinsettias flowers and Nativity scenes decorate homes, churches and public places, as well as big red and gold letters from the Chinese alphabet on decorated streamers and paper chains.

Italy: 

One of the most important ways of celebrating Christmas in Italy is the Nativity crib scene. Using a crib to help tell the Christmas story was made very popular by St. Francis of Assisi in 1223 (Assisi is in mid-Italy). The previous year he had visited Bethlehem and saw where the stable, where it was thought that Jesus was born. A lot of Italian families have a Nativity crib in their homes.

The city of Naples in Italy is world famous for its cribs and crib making. These are known as ‘Presepe Napoletano’ (meaning Neapolitan Cribs). The first crib scene in Naples is thought to go back to 1025 and was in the Church of S. Maria del presepe (Saint Mary of the Crib), this was even before St. Francis of Assisi had made cribs very popular!

Japan:

Christmas is not widely celebrated in Japan as not many people there are Christians. However, several customs have come to Japan from the USA such as sending and receiving Christmas Cards and Presents.

In Japan, Christmas in known as more of a time to spread happiness rather than a religious celebration. Christmas eve is often celebrated more than Christmas Day. Christmas eve is thought of as a romantic day, in which couples spend together and exchange presents. In many ways it resembles Valentine’s Day celebrations in the UK and the USA. Young couples like to go for walks to look at the Christmas lights and have a romantic meal in a restaurant – booking a table on Christmas Eve can be very difficult as it’s so popular!

In Japanese Happy/Merry Christmas is ‘Meri Kurisumasu’. And it’s written in the two Japanese scripts like this; Hiragana: めりーくりすます; Katakana: メリークリスマス.

Greece: 

On Christmas Eve, children, especially boys, often go out singing ‘kalanda’ (carols) in the streets. They play drums and triangles as they sing. Sometimes the will also carry model boats decorated with nuts which are painted gold. Carrying a boat is a very old custom in the Greek Islands.

If the children sing well, they might be given money, nuts, sweets and dried figs to eat.

Christmas Trees are becoming more popular in Greece, but they aren’t traditional. Instead most houses will have a shallow wooden bowl with a piece of wire is suspended across the rim. A sprig of basil wrapped around a wooden cross hangs from the wire. Some water is kept in the bowl to keep the basil alive and fresh. Once a day, someone, usually the mother of the family, dips the cross and basil into some holy water and uses it to sprinkle water in each room of the house.

 

India:

Compared to other religious festivals, Christmas is quite a small festival in India, due to the number of people who are Christians (about 2.3%) compared to people who belong to other religions. Having said this, the population of India is over 1 Billion, so there are over 25 million Christians in India!

Many different languages are spoken in India. In Hindi Happy/Merry Christmas is ‘Śubh krisamas’ (शुभ क्रिसमस); Urdu it’s ‘krismas mubarak’ (کرسمس); in Gujarati it’s ‘Anandi Natal’ or ‘Khushi Natal’ (આનંદી નાતાલ); in Sanskrit it’s ‘Krismasasya shubhkaamnaa’; in Bengali ‘shubho bôṛodin’ (শুভ বড়দিন); in Tamil it’s ‘kiṟistumas vāḻttukkaḷ’ (கிறிஸ்துமஸ் வாழ்த்துக்கள்); in Punjabi it’s ‘karisama te nawāṃ sāla khušayāṃwālā hewe ‘ (ਕਰਿਸਮ ਤੇ ਨਵਾੰ ਸਾਲ ਖੁਸ਼ਿਯਾੰਵਾਲਾ ਹੋਵੇ); in Konkani it’s ‘Khushal Borit Natala’ and in Malayalam it’s ‘Christmas inte mangalaashamsakal’

Romania:

In Romania, Christmas and mid-winter celebrations last from 20th December to 7th January. The 20th is when people celebrate St. Ignatius’s Day. It is traditional that if the family keep pigs, one is killed on this day. The meat from the pig is used in the Christmas meals.

The Christmas celebrations really begin on Christmas Eve, 24th, when it’s time to decorate the Christmas Tree. This is done in the evening of Christmas Eve. In Romanian, Christmas Eve is called ‘Ajunul Craciunului’.

Carol singing (known as ‘Colindatul’) is also a very popular part of Christmas in Romania. On Christmas Eve children go out carol singing from house to house performing to the adults in the houses. They normally dance as well. The children get sweets, fruit, traditional cakes called ‘cozonaci’ and sometimes money for singing well. Adults go carol singing on Christmas Day evening and night.

A traditional Romanian Carol is the ‘Star Carol’. The star, made of colored paper and often decorated with tinsel, silver foil and sometimes bells, is put on a pole. In the middle of the star is a picture of baby Jesus or a nativity scene. Carol singers take the star with them when they go carol singing. The words of the Star Carol are:
“The star has appeared on high,
Like a big secret in the sky,
The star is bright,
May all your wishes turn out right.”

Other popular carols to sing include ‘Oh, What Wondrous Tidings’ (‘O, ce veste minunata’) and ‘Three Wise Men coming from the East’ (‘Trei Crai de la rasarit’).

Germany:

A big part of the Christmas celebrations in Germany is Advent. Several different types of Advent calendars are used in German homes. As well as the traditional one made of card that is used in many countries, there are ones made out of a wreath of Fir tree branches with 24 decorated boxes or bags hanging from it. Each box or bag has a little present in it. Another type is called a ‘Advent Kranz’ and is a ring of fir branches that has four candles on it. This is like the Advent candles that are sometimes used in Churches. One candle is lit at the beginning at each week of Advent.

Christmas Trees are very important in Germany. They were first used in Germany during the Middle Ages. If there are young children in the house, the trees are usually secretly decorated by the Mother of the family. The Christmas tree was traditionally brought into the house on Christmas eve, and during that evening the family would read the Bible and sing Christmas songs such as O Tannenbaum, Ihr Kinderlein Kommet and Stille Nacht (Slient Night).

France:

In France, a Nativity crib is often used to help decorate the house. French cribs have clay figures in them, not wooden ones. During December, some towns and cities such as Marseilles have fairs that sell Nativity figures. As well as having the normal Nativity figures in them, French scenes also have figures such as a Butcher, a Baker, a Policeman and a Priest.

In French Happy/Merry Christmas is ‘Joyeux Noël’. In Breton (spoken by some people in Brittany, Northern France) it’s ‘Nedeleg Laouen’ and in Corsican it’s ‘Bon Natale’. Happy/Merry Christmas in lots more languages.

Yule Logs made out of Cherry Wood are often burned is French homes. The log is carried into the home on Christmas Eve and is sprinkled with red wine to make the log smell nice when it is burning. There is a custom that the log and candles are left burning all night with some food and drinks left out in case Mary and the baby Jesus come past during the night.

Austria

Mexico:

In Mexico, Christmas is celebrated from the December 12th to January 6th.

From December 16th to Christmas Eve, children often perform the ‘Posada’ processions or Posadas. Posada is Spanish for Inn or Lodging. There are nine Posadas. These celebrate the part of the Christmas story where Joseph and Mary looked for a room in an Inn. For the Posadas, the outside of houses are decorated with evergreens, moss and paper lanterns.

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I hope this helped you find out more about Christmas around the world!

– Yasmin

Excursia la Azuga a fost superba se pare ; avem si noi cateva fotografii (mai multa informatie pe pagina de facebook a scolii):

“ Imagination is everything. It is the preview of life’s coming attractions.”  Albert Einstein

 

De Ziua Nationala a Romaniei, clasa pregatitoare a pregatit un poster impresionant intr-adevar:

This is an important day for Romanians;  we want to share with you a video about Romania ( see it on full screen) -that makes us proud for having such a beautiful country:

We work on becoming an  International Baccalaureate School for all grades  starting with the IB Primary Years Programme (PYP), the IB Middle Years Programme (MYP) and continuing with Secondary Education.

The International Baccalaureate Organization (IBO), is an international educational Foundation offering educational programmes for children aged 3–19.

“The International Baccalaureate aims to develop inquiring, knowledgeable and caring young people who help to create a better and more peaceful world through intercultural understanding and respect. To this end the organization works with schools, governments and international organizations to develop challenging programmes of international education and rigorous assessment.These programmes encourage students across the world to become active, compassionate and lifelong learners who understand that other people, with their differences, can also be right.” International Baccalaureate Mission Statement

In order to find out more information about IB, please, check this website

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Today, at the ICT lesson, I have cropped and edited a logo!